The Republic of Ecuador contains the Amazon jungle in the east, high Andean Sierra in the center,
fertile coastal plain on Pacific Coast. Also the Galapagos Is. 1,000 km to west with a population of over 13 million people. The capital city of Quito is now home to 1.6 million people, and the city of Guyaquil has over 2 million in population.
Economy: The main export commodities are oil, flowers, shrimp and bananas. Ecuador is the
world’s largest exporter of bananas. Oil exploitation has enriched a few, but the poor
have become even poorer, and the ecology and Amazon forests degraded. Failure to
curb inflation, widespread corruption, the war with Peru and a series of natural
disasters together with a low oil price brought the country to the brink of bankruptcy
in 1999 and a default in paying off international debts.
Politics: Independent from Spain in 1830. Political stability has been rare, the average
government lasting two years. The broadening of democracy is bringing some political
voice to the long-oppressed Quichua. Political upheavals continued during the 1990s
over the need for painful economic reforms and half-hearted efforts to reform an
inadequate constitution. The 1995 war with Peru over a disputed border area was a
costly setback, but that issue has now been resolved.
Religion: The culture has been strongly moulded by Catholicism, with 80 percent of the population being Catholics, so though there is freedom of
religion, rural populations have not been so receptive to change.